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Principle of Motor Rotation
2022.01.14
Points of this article
・The principle of motor rotation is based on physical laws relating to currents, electric fields, and forces.
Brushed motors are one of the most popular motors. Let’s start with its structure.
About Currents, Magnetic Fields, and Forces
Before beginning our explanation, we will review the basic physical laws and principles relating to electric currents, magnetic fields, and forces. This material may even evoke some nostalgia, but it is easy to forget these laws if you don’t deal with components relating to magnetic fields on a regular basis.
Principle of Motor Rotation
The principle of motor rotation is explained, using figures and equations.
When a conducting wire has a rectangular shape, the forces acting on the wire are considered.
The force F acting on the rectangle sides a and c is
![F=B×I×l[N]](/upload/2018/01/180116_03.png)
As a result, a torque is generated about the central axis.
If for example we consider a state in which the rectangle has rotated by an angle θ, the force acting perpendicularly on b and d is the sin θ component, and so the torque Ta on the side a is represented by the following equation.
![Ta?h/2×B×I×l×sinθ[N?m]](/upload/2018/01/180116_04.png)
Treating side c similarly, overall the torque is double, and so the following equation is used to calculate the torque generated.
![T=B×I×h×l×sinθ[N?m]](/upload/2018/01/180116_05.png)
The area of the rectangle is S＝h・l, and so substitution into the above equation yields the following.
![T=B×I×S×sinθ[N?m]](/upload/2018/01/180116_06.png)
This equation holds not only for a rectangle, but for circles and other shapes in general. The electric motor is a result of application of this principle.
【Download Documents】Motor Type Classification and Application Overview
In addition to explaining the types and structures of motors, it provides an overview of motor drive systems in each field.
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Download Technical Documents
Motor Type Classification and Application Overview
In addition to explaining the types and structures of motors, it provides an overview of motor drive systems in each field.